Before the 1960s, natural disaster research was mainly limited to disaster mechanism and prediction research, and focused on analyzing the conditions and procedures of disaster formation. Since the 1970s, with the rapid increase in the destruction of natural disasters, the work of disaster reduction has been raised to unprecedented heights. Relevant scholars from all over the world have broadened the field of disaster research who continue to carry out deep research on disaster mechanism and at the same time, the study of disaster risk assessment has been started.
The scholars who believe in catastrophism think that the main factors influencing the size of the disaster risk come from the risk of disaster-causing factors. They put forward that the size of risk would be influenced by the comprehensive measurement of both the size and the intensity variation of the possible catastrophe of disaster-causing factors. At the same time, the higher the variation intensity of the disaster-causing factor is, the greater the probability of catastrophic occurrence will be, and thus the higher the dangerous risk of the disaster-causing factor will be, which means the greater the disaster risk is.
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