Mongolia is located between the people's Republic of China and the Russian Federation, which is a land locked country surrounded by the two countries. Ulan Bator, the capital and the largest city in China, accounts for 45% of the total population.
The geological structure of Mongolia is complex, the mountains are mainly composed of volcanic rocks, the soil layer is thick and the bedrock is exposed, the soil types are mainly chestnut soil and saline soil. There is permafrost layer in the north, from north to south, there are six vegetation belts, including alpine grassland, primitive forest grassland, grassland and Gobi desert.
The terrain of Mongolia gradually decreases from west to East. The highest altitude is 4653 meters (nairamdale peak), the lowest point is 553 meters (Huhe Lake), and the average altitude is 1580 meters. The mountain area is 777000 square kilometers, accounting for half of the total area; the Gobi desert area is 400000 square kilometers, accounting for one fourth of the total area; the lake area is 16000 square kilometers, accounting for 1% of the total area.
The main mountains in Mongolia are: Altai mountain is located in the west of Mongolia, with an average altitude of 3000 meters, northwest southeast trend; Hangai mountain is located in the central part of Mongolia, with an average altitude of 3000 meters, northwest southeast trend; Kent mountain (respected by the Mongols as the holy mountain) is located in the east of Mongolia, with an average altitude of 2000 meters, with a trend of northeast and southwest.
Most areas of Mongolia belong to continental temperate grassland climate, with obvious seasonal variation, long winter and heavy snow; short summer, large temperature difference between day and night; short spring and autumn. It is the most powerful Mongolian high pressure center in the world and one of the sources of winter "cold wave" in Asian monsoon climate region. The frost free period is about 90-110 days from June to September, the annual average precipitation is about 120-250 mm, 70% of which is concentrated in July to August; the northwest region belongs to temperate coniferous forest climate, and many peaks are covered with snow all the year round.
The scale of Mongolian nature online map is 1:6000000.
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