This dataset described the distribution of earthquake disasters in countries along the Belt and Road of 2007, which mainly record the seismic location, earthquake grade, seismic wave coverage and range information. They were collected and organized by the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This dataset was composed of 25 vector files. They could be used to study the occurrence and distribution of earthquake disasters, and provided an important basis for preventing earthquake disasters and reducing the negative impact of earthquake disasters.